Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa TIG (DC) ndi TIG (AC)?

Direct panopa TIG (DC) kuwotcherera ndi pamene panopa ikuyenda mbali imodzi yokha.Poyerekeza ndi AC (Alternating Current) TIG kuwotcherera panopa kamodzi umayenda sizipita ziro mpaka kuwotcherera kwatha.Nthawi zambiri ma inverters a TIG azitha kuwotcherera mwina DC kapena AC/DC pomwe makina ochepa amakhala AC okha.

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DC imagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera TIG Mild Steel/Stainless material ndipo AC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwotcherera Aluminium.

Polarity

Njira yowotcherera ya TIG ili ndi njira zitatu zowotcherera pano kutengera mtundu wa kulumikizana.Njira iliyonse yolumikizira ili ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake.

Direct Current - Electrode Negative (DCEN)

Njira imeneyi kuwotcherera angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana zipangizo.TIG kuwotcherera nyali chikugwirizana ndi linanena bungwe zoipa wa kuwotcherera inverter ndi ntchito chingwe kubwerera linanena bungwe zabwino.

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Pamene arc ikukhazikitsidwa, kayendedwe kameneka kakuyenda mu dera ndipo kutentha kwa arc kumakhala pafupifupi 33% kumbali yolakwika ya arc (tochi yowotcherera) ndi 67% kumbali yabwino ya arc (chidutswa cha ntchito).

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Kulinganiza kumeneku kumapereka kulowera kwakuya kwa arc mu gawo logwirira ntchito ndikuchepetsa kutentha mu electrode.

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Kutentha kocheperako mu elekitirodi kumapangitsa kuti pakali pano kunyamulidwe ndi maelekitirodi ang'onoang'ono poyerekeza ndi kulumikizana kwina kwa polarity.Njira yolumikizira iyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa polarity yowongoka ndipo ndi njira yolumikizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera kwa DC.

Direct Current - Electrode Positive (DCEP)

Pamene kuwotcherera mu mode izi TIG kuwotcherera nyali chikugwirizana ndi linanena bungwe zabwino za kuwotcherera inverter ndi ntchito chingwe kubwerera linanena bungwe zoipa.

Pamene arc imakhazikitsidwa pakali pano ikuyenda mozungulira ndipo kugawa kwa kutentha mu arc kumakhala pafupifupi 33% kumbali yolakwika ya arc (chidutswa cha ntchito) ndi 67% kumbali yabwino ya arc (chowotcherera torch).

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Izi zikutanthawuza kuti electrode imakhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri ndipo motero iyenera kukhala yokulirapo kuposa momwe ilili ndi DCEN mode ngakhale pamene panopa ndi yochepa kwambiri kuti ma electrode asatenthe kapena kusungunuka.Chidutswa chogwirira ntchito chimayikidwa pamlingo wocheperako kutentha kotero kuti kulowetsedwa kwa weld kumakhala kozama.

 

Njira yolumikizira iyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa reverse polarity.

Komanso, ndi mawonekedwe awa zotsatira za mphamvu za maginito zimatha kuyambitsa kusakhazikika komanso chodabwitsa chotchedwa arc blow pomwe arc imatha kuyendayenda pakati pa zida zowotcherera.Izi zitha kuchitikanso mumayendedwe a DCEN koma ndizofala kwambiri mumayendedwe a DCEP.

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Iwo akhoza kukayikira ntchito mode imeneyi pamene kuwotcherera.Chifukwa chake n'chakuti zinthu zina zopanda ferrous monga aluminiyamu zomwe zimawonekera mumlengalenga zimapanga okusayidi pamtunda. Izi zimapangidwira chifukwa cha zomwe mpweya mumlengalenga ndi zinthu zofanana ndi dzimbiri pazitsulo.Komabe okusayidiyi ndi yolimba kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri kuposa maziko enieni choncho iyenera kuchotsedwa isanayambe kuwotcherera.

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Osayidiyo amatha kuchotsedwa pogaya, kupukuta kapena kuyeretsa mankhwala koma njira yoyeretserayo ikatha, oxide imayambanso kupanga.Chifukwa chake, imayenera kutsukidwa panthawi yowotcherera.Izi zimachitika pamene madzi akuyenda mumtundu wa DCEP pamene kutuluka kwa electron kudzaphwanya ndikuchotsa oxide.Chifukwa chake zitha kuganiziridwa kuti DCEP ingakhale njira yabwino yowotcherera zida izi ndi zokutira za oxide zamtunduwu.Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa ma elekitirodi pakutentha kwakukulu munjira iyi kukula kwa ma elekitirodi kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu ndipo kulowera kwa arc kumakhala kochepa.

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Yankho la zida zamtunduwu lingakhale kuzama kolowera kwa DCEN mode kuphatikiza kuyeretsa kwa DCEP mode.Kuti mupeze zopindulitsa izi, njira yowotcherera ya AC imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Alternating Current (AC) kuwotcherera

Pamene kuwotcherera mu AC mode panopa woperekedwa ndi kuwotcherera inverter ntchito mwina zabwino ndi zoipa kapena mikombero theka.Izi zikutanthauza kuti pompopompo ikuyenda njira imodzi ndiyeno ina nthawi zosiyanasiyana kotero mawu oti alternating current amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Kuphatikiza kwa chinthu chimodzi chabwino ndi chinthu chimodzi choyipa kumatchedwa mkombero umodzi.

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Kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe kuzungulira kumatsirizika mkati mwa sekondi imodzi kumatchedwa pafupipafupi.Ku UK ma frequency osinthika omwe amaperekedwa ndi netiweki ya mains ndi ma 50 mozungulira sekondi iliyonse ndipo amatchedwa 50 Hertz (Hz)

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Izi zikutanthauza kuti zomwe zilipo zikusintha maulendo 100 pa sekondi iliyonse.Kuchuluka kwa ma cycle pa sekondi imodzi (mafupipafupi) pamakina okhazikika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ma frequency mains omwe ku UK ndi 50Hz.

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Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa maginito kumawonjezeka ndipo zinthu monga ma transformer zimachulukirachulukira.Komanso kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuwotcherera pakali pano kumalimbitsa arc, kumapangitsa kukhazikika kwa arc ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kuwongolera bwino.
Komabe, izi ndizongoyerekeza ngati kuwotcherera mu TIG mode pali zisonkhezero zina pa arc.

Mphamvu ya AC sine wave imatha kukhudzidwa ndi zokutira kwa okusayidi kwa zida zina zomwe zimakhala ngati chowongolera chomwe chimalepheretsa kutuluka kwa ma elekitironi.Izi zimatchedwa kukonzanso kwa arc ndipo zotsatira zake zimapangitsa kuti theka labwino lidulidwe kapena kupotozedwa.Zotsatira za weld zone ndizovuta za arc, kusowa koyeretsa komanso kuwonongeka kwa tungsten.

Kukonzekera kwa Arc kwa theka labwino lozungulira

Zosintha Zamakono (AC) Waveforms

Sine Wave

Mafunde a sinusoidal amakhala ndi chinthu chabwino chomwe chimakwera mpaka paziro chisanagwerenso ku ziro (nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa phiri).

Ikadutsa ziro ndikusintha komwe kumapita kumtengo wake woipa kwambiri isanakwere mpaka ziro (nthawi zambiri imatchedwa chigwa) kuzungulira kumodzi kumalizidwa.

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Ambiri mwa masitayilo akale a TIG anali makina amtundu wa sine wave okha.Ndi chitukuko cha ma inverter amakono omwe ali ndi zida zamagetsi zochulukirachulukira zidabwera chitukuko pakuwongolera ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a AC omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera.

The Square Wave

Ndi chitukuko cha AC/DC TIG kuwotcherera inverters kuti aphatikizepo zamagetsi zambiri m'badwo wa square wave makina anapangidwa.Chifukwa amazilamulira pakompyuta izi kuwoloka kuchokera zabwino kuti zoipa ndi mosemphanitsa akhoza kupangidwa pafupifupi pompopompo amene amatsogolera ogwira kwambiri panopa aliyense mkombero theka chifukwa cha nthawi yaitali pazipita.

 

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ya maginito yosungidwa kumapanga mafunde omwe ali pafupi ndi lalikulu.Kuwongolera kwa magwero amagetsi oyamba amagetsi kunalola kuwongolera kwa 'square wave'.Dongosololi lingalole kuwongolera kwabwino (kuyeretsa) ndi koyipa (kulowa) kwa theka.

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Mkhalidwe woyezera ungakhale wofanana + wozungulira wabwino komanso woyipa womwe umapereka mkhalidwe wokhazikika wa weld.

Mavuto omwe angakumane nawo ndikuti kamodzi kuyeretsa kwachitika mu nthawi yocheperako kuposa nthawi yabwino ya theka ndiye kuti gawo lina labwino la theka silimapindulitsa komanso likhoza kuonjezera kuwonongeka kwa electrode chifukwa cha kutenthedwa.Komabe, makina amtunduwu amathanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zowongolera zomwe zimalola kuti nthawi ya theka labwino ikhale yosiyana mkati mwa nthawi yozungulira.

 

Kulowa Kwambiri

Izi zikhoza kutheka mwa kuyika ulamuliro pa malo omwe angathandize kuti nthawi yochuluka ikhale yowonjezereka mumayendedwe olakwika a theka potsata ndondomeko yabwino ya theka.Izi zipangitsa kuti ma elekitirodi ang'onoang'ono agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi apamwamba kwambiri

wa kutentha uli mu zabwino (ntchito).Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumapangitsanso kulowa mkati mozama pamene kuwotcherera paulendo womwewo waulendo monga momwe zilili bwino.
Malo ocheperako omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha komanso kupotoza kochepa chifukwa cha arc yopapatiza.

 

Maximum Kuyeretsa

Izi zitha kutheka mwa kuyika ulamuliro pamalo omwe angathandize kuti nthawi yochulukirapo igwiritsidwe ntchito mumayendedwe abwino a theka pokhudzana ndi kuzungulira kwa theka.Izi zidzalola kuti ntchito yoyeretsa ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri.Tikumbukenso kuti pali akadakwanitsira kuyeretsa nthawi ndiye zambiri kuyeretsa sikuchitika ndi kuthekera kuwonongeka kwa elekitirodi ndi wamkulu.Zotsatira zake pa arc ndikupereka dziwe laukhondo la weld komanso lolowera mozama.